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Lightweight markup language

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A lightweight markup language is a markup language with a simple syntax, designed to be easy for a human to enter with a simple text editor, and easy to read in its raw form.

Lightweight markup languages are used in applications where people might be expected to read the document source as well as the rendered output. For instance, a person downloading a software library might prefer to read the documentation in a text editor instead of a browser.

A further application is for entry in web-based publishing, such as weblogs and wikis, where the input interface is a simple text box. The server software converts the input to a common document markup language like HTML or XHTML.

History

Lightweight markup languages were originally used on text-only displays which could not display characters in italics or bold, so informal methods to convey this information had to be developed. This formatting choice was naturally carried forth to plain-text email communications.

List of lightweight markup languages

The following is a partial list of lightweight markup languages.

Presentation oriented

Almost Free Text ()

Almost Plain Text ()

AsciiDoc ()

atx (markup language) ()

BBCode

BlogMe ()

Creole (proposed common wiki markup)

CrossMark

Deplate ()

Epytext ()

EtText ()

Grutatext ()

Haml ()

jemdoc ()

JsonML ()

Markdown ()

WakabaMark ()

Muse Mode () of Emacs

o7aCode ()

Pandoc ()

Perl Text To HTML ()

POD

reStructuredText ()

Ruby Document format

Setext ()

SiSU ()

Skribe ()

Spip ()

Structured text

Stx2any()

Texy! ()

Textile

Terence's Markup Language ()

txt2tags ()

UDO ()

Wikitext

Xilize ()

Yodl ()

Data serialization oriented

CurlyML

JSON ()

OGDL

PL ()

Record-Jar ()

Simple Declarative Language ()

YAML ()

Comparison of lightweight markup language syntax

Text/font-face formatting

Comparing text formatting syntax

Language	Bold	Italic	Monospace (teletype)	Notes
Almost Free Text	_bold text_	''italic text''	\|monospace text\|	Formatting will not occur across line breaks unless the first formatting character is the first character on the line.
BBCode	bold text	italic text	[code]monospace text[/code]	Formatting works across line breaks.
Creole	bold text	//italic text	{{{monospace text}}}	Triple curly braces are for nowiki which is optionally monospace in Creole (the choice of the implementor). Future Creole additions may introduce double hash marks (##) for monospace.
Markdown	bold text or__bold text__	italic text or_italic text_	Non-monospace text monospace text more monospace textInline `monospaced` text.	Markdown doesn't use bold and italic tags, but rather em (typically italic) and strong (typically bold) tags. Monospace text is created by indenting that line 4 spaces or one tab character, or enclosing text in backticks: `monospaces`.
o7aCode	'''bold text'''	''italic text''	°°° monospace textmonospace text°°°	o7aCode uses em (typically italic) and strong (typically bold) tags. All attributes of all markups can be filled in.Monospace text can be colored up by GeSHi.
POD	B	I	C	Indented text is also shown as monospaced code.
reStructuredText	bold text	italic text	``monospace text``
Textile	bold text orbold text	_italic text_ or__italic text__	@monospace text@	Textile uses em (typically italic) and strong (typically bold) tags on single symbols, and i and b tags on double symbols.
Texy!	bold text	italic textor //italic text	`monospace text`	Texy uses by default em (typically italic) and strong (typically bold) tags. It is possible to configure library to use another tags.
txt2tags	bold text	//italic text	``monospace text``
MediaWiki	'''bold text'''	''italic text''	`monospace text`

Section headers

Comparing section header formatting

Language	Format	Notes
Almost Free Text	* Level 1 Header ** Level 2 Header	Up to 4 levels
BBCode		Does not support section headers
Markdown	# Level 1 Header ## Level 2 HeaderorLevel 1 Header==============Level 2 Header--------------	It's possible to optionally "close" the #-style headers with an equal number of #'s. The #-style headers support up to 6 levels. The = and - style headers support only the two shown.
o7aCode	= Level 3 Header = == Level 4 Header ==	The title first level can be set (by default : 3).
POD	=head1 Level 1 heading =head2 Level 2 heading
reStructuredText	Chapter 1 Title ===============Section 1.1 Title-----------------Subsection 1.1.1 Title~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Section 1.2 Title-----------------Chapter 2 Title===============	Any of the following characters can be used as the "underline": = - ` : ' " ~ _ * + # < >. The same character must be used for the same indentation level and may not be used for a new indentation level.
Textile	h1. Level 1 Header h2. Level 2 Header	Up to 6 levels
Texy!	### Level 1 Header ## Level 2 HeaderorLevel 1 Header==============Level 2 Header--------------	It's possible to optionally "close" the #-style headers with an equal number of #'s. The #-style headers support up to 6 levels. The underlined style headers support four levels (### *** === ----). Real levels are calculated dynamically.
txt2tags	= Level 1 Header = == Level 2 Header ===== Level 3 Header ===	Using + characters instead of = characters creates numbered headers (the default being unnumbered).
MediaWiki	== Level 2 Header == === Level 3 Header ===	= is available for level 1 header, but its use is discouraged in Wikipedia (reserved for page title). More = are possible, up to 6.

Link Syntax

Comparing link syntax

Language	Syntax	Notes
Almost Free Text	[Link text (http://www.example.com)]	Also has support for targeting references within the same text, not just URLs.
BBCode	[url]http://www.example.com[/url] [url=http://www.example.com]Link text[/url]	Some BBCode implementations can auto-parse URLs as well and convert them to a elements.
Markdown	[Link text](http://www.example.com "optional title attribute") or[Link text]and elsewhere: http://www.example.com "optional title attribute"	Allows for an optional title attribute.
o7aCode	[http://o7aCode.net/ :: official website of o7aCode :: en]o7aCode [http://o7aCode.net/]o7aCode[]http://o7aCode.net/[http://o7aCode.net/ ;; id = id_for_the_link :: official website]o7aCodeLightweight markup language...	All attributes can be filled in (href, title, lang ...). The last example allows to make a link to a wikipedia article.
POD	L LL	The core POD standard does not support external links with titles.
reStructuredText	`Link text `_	Can also be done in a non-embedded format which may be seen as more readable.
Textile	"Link text (optional title attribute)":http://www.example.com or"Link text":aliasand elsewhere[alias (optional title attribute)]http://www.example.com	Allows for an optional title attribute.
Texy!	"Link text .(optional title)[opt. class or ID]{opt. style}":http://www.example.com or"Link text":aliasand elsewhere[alias]: http://www.example.com .(optional title)[opt. class or ID]{opt. style}	Texy! modifiers allows for an optional title attribute, CSS classes, ID, inline style and HTML element attributes. Example: "Link .(title)[class#id]{color: blue;rel:nofollow}"
txt2tags	[[Link text www.example.com]]
MediaWiki	[[Internal page]] [[Internal page\|Displayed text]][http://www.example.com][http://www.example.com External link]	Wikitext can auto-parse URLs as well and convert them to a elements.

Comparison of language features

A lot of this was taken from http://bluebones.net/2005/02/humane-text-formats/

Comparing language features

Language	HTML export tool	HTML import tool	Tables	Link titles	class attribute	id attribute	Exportable formats	License
Almost Free Text	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	HTML, LaTeX, lout, DocBook, RTF	Clarified Artistic License
BBCode	No	No	No	No	No	No	?	?
Markdown	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	XHTML	BSD-style & GPL (both)
o7aCode	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	XHTML HTML ...	?
POD	Yes	?	No	Yes	?	?	HTML, man, LaTeX, plain text	Artistic License, Perl's license
reStructuredText	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	auto	Latex, XML, PseudoXML, HTML	Python License
Textile	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	XHTML	Textile License
Texy!	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	XHTML or HTML (always valid wellformed code)	GNU GPL v2 License
txt2tags	Yes	?	Yes	Yes	?	?	HTML, XHTML, SGML, LaTeX, Lout, UNIX man, MoinMoin, MagicPoint, PageMaker	GPL
MediaWiki	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	?	GNU GPL

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